Bronchial adenoma

Bronchial adenoma is a group of benign tumors arising from bronchial mucous glands, ductal epithelium or submucosal Kulchitsky cells, with malignant potential. It usually occurs at age 30-50 (mean 45), with equal sex incidence. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment. Diagnosis is earlier than for bronchogenic carcinoma. Symptoms vary by location and obstruction; peripheral tumors are often asymptomatic and found on X-ray. Central tumors cause irritative dry cough and recurrent hemoptysis; larger tumors cause localized obstructive emphysema and fixed wheezing.

Common Symptoms

Blood-streaked sputum; wheezing; squamous metaplasia; fatigue

Causes

Bronchial carcinoid (carcinoid adenoma) accounts for 1-7% of primary lung tumors and 80-90% of bronchial adenomas, favoring large bronchi and arising from bronchial Kulchitsky cells; 80% are central. Tumors grow submucosally, forming smooth vascular polypoid masses or dumbbell shapes. Most are well encapsulated with gray-white cut surface. Microscopically, cells are small, cuboidal/polygonal, uniform, in cords or glands, with eosinophilic cytoplasm and argentaffin granules corresponding to neurosecretory granules; nuclei round/oval with rare mitoses. About 10% are atypical, with pleomorphism, necrosis and 70% nodal/hepatic/bone metastasis; typical carcinoid distant metastasis is <5%. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (formerly cylindroma) accounts for 10-15%, arising in trachea/carina/large bronchi, infiltrating the wall, with gray-white cut surface; small basaloid cells in solid/lobulated nests with hyaline stroma; highest malignancy among adenomas. Mucoepidermoid tumor is rare (2-3%), arising from large bronchial mucous glands, as sessile intraluminal masses with mucus-filled cysts; histologically divided into well-differentiated (clear borders, exophytic, goblet cells, no mitoses) and poorly differentiated (invasive, necrosis, pleomorphism, mitoses, can undergo malignant transformation).

Treatment

Surgery; drug therapy; supportive care; rehabilitation

Prevention

Avoid tobacco, alcohol and spicy irritants. During hemoptysis temporarily avoid warming foods (chives, garlic, onion); avoid shrimp, crab and allergenic foods.

Recommended Department

It is recommended to visit the oncological surgery department; before the visit you may first book an appointment and connect with experts through this platform.

Warm reminder: The above information is provided for health education reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek care at a regular hospital in time.