Nodular Goiter

Nodular goiter is long-standing simple goiter that has progressed from diffuse hyperplasia to multiple, heterogeneous nodules. Nodules may be nontoxic (euthyroid) or toxic (Plummer disease, autonomous function causing hyperthyroidism). Complications: compressive symptoms (dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarseness), intranodular hemorrhage, cystic degeneration, rare malignancy.

Common Symptoms

Irregular multinodular neck enlargement; compressive symptoms; sudden pain with hemorrhage; hyperthyroid symptoms if toxic

Causes and Pathogenesis

Long-standing cyclic TSH stimulation/iodine fluctuation causes focal hyperplasia/necrosis, fibrosis and nodule formation; nodules may become autonomous.

Treatment

Observation; L-thyroxine suppression; radioiodine/surgery for toxic/compressive disease

Preventive Measures

Iodized salt; monitor size/function; FNA suspicious nodules.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Endocrinology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.