Hypoaldosteronism

Hypoaldosteronism is deficient aldosterone action causing renal sodium wasting and potassium retention: hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, mild volume depletion, metabolic acidosis. Causes: primary adrenal insufficiency (with cortisol deficiency), hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (type-IV renal tubular acidosis, common in diabetic nephropathy/CKD), drugs (ACE inhibitors, spironolactone, NSAIDs, heparin), and congenital enzyme defects. Treatment: fludrocortisone; correct underlying cause; restrict potassium.

Common Symptoms

Weakness; hyperkalemia; hyponatremia; mild orthostasis; often asymptomatic on routine labs; metabolic acidosis

Causes and Pathogenesis

Primary adrenal destruction or impaired renin-angiotensin stimulation reduces aldosterone, causing renal sodium loss and potassium retention.

Treatment

Fludrocortisone; remove offending drugs; restrict dietary potassium; treat underlying renal/adrenal disease

Preventive Measures

Monitor electrolytes on ACEi/spironolactone; treat CKD/diabetes; avoid potassium-raising drugs in at-risk.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Endocrinology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.