Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is elevated plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, or remnant lipoproteins. It is a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary/cerebrovascular/peripheral arterial disease, and pancreatitis (severe hypertriglyceridemia). Primary causes: familial hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, dysbetalipoproteinemia. Secondary: diabetes, hypothyroidism, obesity, renal disease, alcohol, drugs. Treatment: lifestyle, statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, omega-3.

Common Symptoms

Usually asymptomatic; xanthomas/xanthelasma; premature cardiovascular disease; pancreatitis (severe TG)

Causes and Pathogenesis

Genetic and secondary factors cause elevated atherogenic lipoproteins, promoting endothelial injury and atherosclerotic plaque.

Treatment

Lifestyle; statins; ezetimibe; PCSK9 inhibitors; fibrates/omega-3 for TG; manage secondary causes

Preventive Measures

Diet low in saturated fat; exercise; no smoking; screen lipid profile.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Cardiology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.