Mitral Insufficiency

Mitral insufficiency (regurgitation) is retrograde blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, due to valve degeneration, prolapse, endocarditis, ischemia, or rheumatic disease. Clinical: dyspnea, fatigue, heart failure, holosystolic murmur. Treatment: manage heart failure (diuretics/ACEi/beta-blocker); treat underlying cause; mitral valve repair/replacement for severe symptomatic disease; TMVr for selected high-risk patients.

Common Symptoms

Dyspnea; fatigue/heart failure; holosystolic murmur; by primary/secondary

Causes and Pathogenesis

Valve prolapse/degeneration/endocarditis/ischemia causes incomplete closure and systolic regurgitation.

Treatment

Manage HF; treat cause; valve repair/replacement for severe symptomatic; TMVr for selected

Preventive Measures

Treat endocarditis/ischemia; endocarditis prophylaxis.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Cardiology/Cardiac-surgery department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.