Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

VHFs are a group of zoonotic arboviral diseases characterized by fever, bleeding, and shock. Distributed worldwide, severe, high mortality; >10 known. Different pathogens/hosts/routes, with some clinical differences, endemic to specific regions.

Common Symptoms

Papulomacular rash; bleeding tendency; fever with bleeding; flushed face/upper chest; hypotension; intestinal bleeding; hematochezia; albuminuria; epistaxis

Causes and Pathogenesis

(1) Etiology: arboviral zoonoses with fever/bleeding/shock. (2) Pathogenesis: direct viral damage predominates. Virus replicates → viremia → capillary endothelial injury → increased permeability/fragility → bleeding/edema/shock; parenchymal degeneration/necrosis. Pathology: capillary dilation/congestion/bleeding, fibrin/platelet thrombi; hepatic centrilobular/punctate necrosis; alveolar capillary dilation with protein exudate; renal enlargement with GBM/thickening, cloudy-swollen proximal tubules, interstitial edema, segmental tubular necrosis; myocardial/adrenal/pancreatic degeneration/necrosis; non-purulent meningitis with cerebral edema/perivascular hemorrhage/lymphocytic cuffing, neuronal degeneration/neuronophagia/microglial nodules.

Treatment

Drug therapy, symptomatic, supportive therapy

Preventive Measures

Integrated measures: rodent control, livestock tick control, personal protection in desert/pasture/forest; gloves for blood/excreta contact; no raw milk. Vaccine: inactivated mouse-brain vaccine; seroconversion >70% after 3 doses.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Infectious Diseases department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.