Primary Peritonitis

Primary peritonitis (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, SBP) is bacterial infection of ascitic fluid without an intra-abdominal surgical source, in cirrhotic/nephrotic patients, presenting with fever, abdominal pain, and encephalopathy. Treatment: diagnostic paracentesis; empiric third-generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime); IV albumin to prevent hepatorenal syndrome; treat underlying cirrhosis; secondary prophylaxis (norfloxacin) after first episode; evaluate for liver transplant; monitor for recurrence/secondary peritonitis.

Common Symptoms

Fever; abdominal pain; encephalopathy; in cirrhotic ascites

Causes and Pathogenesis

Bacterial translocation infects ascitic fluid without surgical source.

Treatment

Cephalosporin; IV albumin; secondary prophylaxis; evaluate transplant

Preventive Measures

Prophylaxis in high-risk cirrhosis; manage ascites; avoid nephrotoxins.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Gastroenterology/Hepatology/Emergency/Critical-care department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.