Encephalitis

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often viral (herpes simplex, arboviruses, rabies) or autoimmune. Clinical: fever, headache, altered consciousness, seizures, and focal neurologic signs. It is a medical emergency. Diagnosis: CSF, EEG, MRI, and serology/PCR. Treatment: empiric acyclovir pending HSV exclusion, ICU supportive care, and immunotherapy for autoimmune encephalitis; prognosis varies by cause.

Common Symptoms

Fever; headache; altered consciousness; seizures; focal neurologic signs; personality/behavior change

Causes and Pathogenesis

Viral or autoimmune inflammation of brain parenchyma causes cerebral dysfunction and raised intracranial pressure.

Treatment

Empiric acyclovir pending HSV exclusion; ICU supportive care; immunotherapy for autoimmune encephalitis; manage seizures

Preventive Measures

Vaccination (rabies/JE where indicated); vector control; early recognition.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.