Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to abnormal excessive neuronal discharge in the brain. Seizures may be focal or generalized. Causes: structural/genetic/infectious/metabolic/unknown. Diagnosis: history, EEG, and MRI. Treatment: antiepileptic drugs to suppress seizures; lifestyle modification; epilepsy surgery or VNS/ketogenic diet in refractory cases; educate on seizure safety and first aid.

Common Symptoms

Recurrent unprovoked seizures; altered awareness; convulsions/aura; stereotyped episodes; postictal confusion

Causes and Pathogenesis

Structural/genetic/infectious/metabolic causes produce abnormal synchronous neuronal firing, causing recurrent seizures.

Treatment

Antiepileptic drugs; epilepsy surgery/VNS/ketogenic diet if refractory; treat underlying cause; seizure-safety education

Preventive Measures

Avoid triggers (sleep deprivation/alcohol); AED adherence; seizure safety (no unsupervised swimming/driving).

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.