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寒战、淋巴结肿大、乏力、发绀、免疫性溶血、蛋白尿
Cold-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a subtype of AIHA in which autoantibodies react optimally below 30C, especially at 4C (cold antibodies). Three subtypes: (1) cold-agglutinin syndrome - autoantibodies agglutinate RBCs maximally at 4C and activate complement to destroy RBCs (cold hemolysin); (2) cold-agglutinin hemolysis; (3) paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.
Acrocyanosis; Raynaud phenomenon; hemoglobinuria; anemia; jaundice
IgM cold agglutinins bind RBCs at low temperature, fix complement; on warming in central circulation, complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis occurs. Often secondary to Mycoplasma infection, EBV, lymphoma/lymphoproliferative disease.
Avoid cold; rituximab; chlorambucil; supportive care
Avoid cold exposure; keep extremities warm; treat underlying infection/lymphoma.
It is recommended to visit the Hematology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.
Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.
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