Raynaud Syndrome

Raynaud syndrome is episodic digital vasospasm triggered by cold/emotion, causing pallor-cyanosis-erythema sequence. Primary (Raynaud disease) is benign; secondary (Raynaud phenomenon) is associated with scleroderma/lupus/vibrator use/thromboangiitis. Treatment: keep warm, avoid cold/smoking/vibration; calcium-channel blockers (nifedipine); treat underlying connective-tissue disease; manage digital ulcers; botulinum toxin/sympathectomy for severe; evaluate secondary causes.

Common Symptoms

Episodic digital color changes; cold/emotion trigger; pain/numbness; by primary/secondary

Causes and Pathogenesis

Exaggerated sympathetic vasospasm (primary) or structural vessel disease (secondary) causes digital ischemia.

Treatment

Keep warm/avoid triggers; CCB; treat underlying CTD; manage ulcers; sympathectomy for severe

Preventive Measures

Avoid cold/smoking/vibration; screen for CTD; hand protection.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Rheumatology/Vascular-surgery department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.