Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with characteristic skin rash (heliotrope, Gottron papules, shawl/V-sign, mechanic hands) and symmetric proximal muscle weakness. Clinical: rash, weakness, dysphagia, interstitial lung disease (ILD), calcinosis; associated with malignancy (ovarian, lung, GI, lymphoma). Diagnosis: muscle enzymes (CK, LDH, AST, ALT), EMG, MRI, biopsy; myositis antibodies (anti-Mi-2, anti-Jo-1, anti-TIF1-γ). Treatment: glucocorticoids (oral/IV); methotrexate/azathioprine/mycophenolate; IVIG; rituximab/cyclosporine for refractory; hydroxychloroquine for skin; sun protection; malignancy screening (age-appropriate); physical therapy; monitor ILD (PFT/HRCT); follow-up rheumatology/dermatology/neurology.

Common Symptoms

Heliotrope rash; Gottron papules; proximal weakness; dysphagia; ILD

Causes and Pathogenesis

Autoimmune microangiopathy of muscle/skin; malignancy association.

Treatment

Glucocorticoids; methotrexate/azathioprine; IVIG; malignancy screening; sun protection

Preventive Measures

Sun protection; malignancy screening; vaccination; bone protection.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Rheumatology/Dermatology/Neurology/Oncology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.