Patellar Instability

Patellar instability is a spectrum of patellofemoral malalignment causing subluxation/dislocation/retropatellar pain. Risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased TT-TG distance, genu valgum, femoral anteversion, VMO weakness, ligamentous laxity, prior dislocation. Treatment: acute: reduction; brace; NSAIDs; ice; conservative: PT (VMO/quadriceps/hip strengthening), patellar brace/taping, activity modification, weight loss; surgical: MPFL reconstruction, tibial tubercle osteotomy (medialization/anteriorization), trochleoplasty, lateral retinacular release; arthroscopy with lateral release; post-op rehab; follow-up orthopedics/sports medicine.

Common Symptoms

Anterior knee pain; giving-way; apprehension; retropatellar crepitus; swelling

Causes and Pathogenesis

Patellofemoral malalignment + soft-tissue/bony risk factors cause patellar instability.

Treatment

PT/VMO strengthening; bracing; MPFL reconstruction; TTO/trochleoplasty if needed

Preventive Measures

Quadriceps/hip strengthening; brace; avoid high-risk sports if unstable.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Orthopedics/Sports-medicine/Physical-therapy department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.