Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies causing progressive optic-disc cupping and visual-field loss, associated with raised or normal intraocular pressure. Major types: primary open-angle, angle-closure, and secondary. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, often asymptomatic until advanced. Treatment: lower IOP by topical medications (prostaglandin analogs first-line), laser trabeculoplasty/iridotomy, or filtration surgery (trabeculectomy/drainage implant); set target pressure by stage and monitor visual fields.

Common Symptoms

Asymptomatic until advanced; peripheral field loss; optic-disc cupping; by open/closed/secondary type

Causes and Pathogenesis

Elevated IOP (or IOP-independent susceptibility) causes optic-nerve axonal loss and cupping.

Treatment

Lower IOP: topical meds, laser, filtration surgery; target by stage; monitor fields

Preventive Measures

Screen IOP/disc/field; family history; IOP lowering.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Ophthalmology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.