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昏迷、失水、恶心与呕吐、烦躁不安、低血钾
Hypernatremia is serum sodium above 145 mmol/L, indicating hypertonicity from net water deficit. Causes: inadequate intake (infants, elderly, altered mental status), diabetes insipidus (central/nephrogenic), osmotic diuresis, and excessive sweating. Clinical: thirst, restlessness, altered mental status, seizures, and intracranial hemorrhage in severe. Treatment: correct gradually with hypotonic fluids (oral water/IV D5W or half-saline); avoid overly rapid correction (cerebral edema).
Thirst; restlessness; confusion; seizures; oliguria; fever; altered mental status
Net water loss/insufficient intake raises serum osmolality; brain cells shrink, causing neurologic symptoms and risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
Gradual rehydration with hypotonic fluids; treat diabetes insipidus (desmopressin); correct at <=0.5 mmol/L/h
Adequate water intake; treat diabetes insipidus; monitor at-risk elderly/infants.
It is recommended to visit the Internal Medicine department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.
Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.
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