Eczema

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is chronic relapsing pruritic inflammatory dermatosis, presenting with erythematous papules/scratch marks/lichenification on flexures/face/extensors, linked to atopy (asthma/hay fever). Treatment: frequent emollients; topical corticosteroids (potency by age/site); topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus/pimecrolimus); oral antihistamines for pruritus; wet wraps; bleach baths; treat secondary infection (staph): oral antibiotics; systemic steroids/immunosuppressants (cyclosporine/methotrexate/azathioprine) for severe; biologics (dupilumab/tralokinumab) for moderate-severe; JAK inhibitors upadacitinib/abrocitinib; phototherapy; identify/avoid triggers; allergen control (dust mites/pets); stress management; follow-up dermatology/allergology.

Common Symptoms

Pruritus; erythematous papules; scratch marks; lichenification; flexures/face

Causes and Pathogenesis

Filaggrin mutation + immune dysregulation + barrier dysfunction causes eczematous inflammation.

Treatment

Emollients; topical steroids/calcineurin inhibitors; antihistamines; biologics; phototherapy

Preventive Measures

Moisturize; avoid triggers; allergen control; treat infection early.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Dermatology/Allergy/Pediatrics department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.