Vitiligo

Vitiligo is autoimmune melanocyte destruction causing well-demarcated depigmented milky-white macules/patches, often acrofacial/segmental/universal, associated with thyroid/alopecia areata/pernicious anemia/Addison. Treatment: topical corticosteroids; topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus/pimecrolimus); phototherapy (NB-UVB/308-nm excimer); systemic corticosteroids for rapid progressive; JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib/ruxolitinib) for extensive; surgical grafting (mini-punch/blister epidermal) for stable localized; camouflage makeup; sun protection (SPF 50+); evaluate associated autoimmune disease; follow-up dermatology; monitor progression; psychosocial support.

Common Symptoms

Well-demarcated depigmented milky-white patches; acrofacial/segmental/universal; autoimmune

Causes and Pathogenesis

Autoimmune T-cell/melanin-specific antibodies destroy melanocytes causing depigmentation.

Treatment

Topical steroids/calcineurin; phototherapy; systemic steroids/JAK; grafting; camouflage

Preventive Measures

Sun protection; manage stress; evaluate autoimmune disease.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Dermatology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.