Cryoglobulinemia

Cryoglobulinemia is the presence of immunoglobulins that precipitate at low temperature, causing systemic vasculitis: purpura (lower limbs), cold sensitivity, arthralgia, peripheral neuropathy, renal disease. Associated with hepatitis C, autoimmune disease, lymphoproliferative disorders. Types: I monoclonal; II/III mixed (immune complex).

Common Symptoms

Palpable purpura; cold-induced symptoms; arthralgia; peripheral neuropathy; renal involvement; fatigue

Causes and Pathogenesis

Cryoglobulin immune complexes deposit in small vessels, activate complement and cause leukocytoclastic vasculitis; cold temperature triggers precipitation.

Treatment

Treat underlying HCV; immunosuppression/rituximab for mixed cryoglobulinemia; plasmapheresis for severe; keep warm

Preventive Measures

Treat HCV; keep extremities warm; monitor renal/neural involvement.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Rheumatology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.