Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder characterized by a constellation of symptoms: positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior), negative symptoms (avolition, alogia, anhedonia, flat affect), and cognitive impairment, causing significant functional impairment. Onset is typically late adolescence to early adulthood, with a male peak slightly earlier. It is heritable with neurodevelopmental and psychosocial contributors. Treatment: antipsychotic medication (first-/second-generation), psychosocial rehabilitation, family psychoeducation, and supported employment.

Common Symptoms

Delusions; hallucinations (often auditory); disorganized speech/behavior; negative symptoms (avolition/anhedonia/flat affect); cognitive impairment; functional decline

Causes and Pathogenesis

Genetic vulnerability plus neurodevelopmental stressors and dopaminergic/glutamatergic dysfunction cause the psychotic and negative-symptom syndrome.

Treatment

Antipsychotic medication; psychosocial rehab; family psychoeducation; supported employment; manage comorbid substance use

Preventive Measures

Early detection/early intervention; family support; medication adherence; avoid cannabis/substance use.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Psychiatry department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.