Tourette Syndrome (Combined Vocal/Multiple-Motor Tics)

Tourette syndrome is defined by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, onset before age 18, lasting more than 1 year, not due to substances or medical condition. Tics are sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic movements/vocalizations, worsened by stress/excitement and suppressed temporarily. Comorbid ADHD/OCD are common. Treatment: education/reassurance, habit-reversal training, and antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole) only when tics are impairing; manage comorbid ADHD/OCD.

Common Symptoms

Multiple motor tics plus vocal tic; onset <18; >1 year; worsened by stress; suppressible temporarily; comorbid ADHD/OCD

Causes and Pathogenesis

Genetic/neurobiological (cortico-striatal-thalamic circuit) factors produce tic expression, worsened by stress.

Treatment

Education/reassurance; habit-reversal training; antipsychotics if impairing; manage comorbid ADHD/OCD

Preventive Measures

Reduce stress; school accommodation; family education.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.