Insomnia

Insomnia is persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, despite adequate opportunity, causing daytime impairment (fatigue/irritability/cognitive impairment). It may be primary or secondary to medical/psychiatric conditions or medications. Evaluation: sleep history and rule out other sleep disorders. Treatment: cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) first-line, sleep hygiene, stimulus control; short-term hypnotics (benzodiazepine-receptor agonists) when needed, avoiding long-term use.

Common Symptoms

Difficulty falling asleep; frequent awakenings; early-morning awakening; daytime fatigue/irritability; poor concentration

Causes and Pathogenesis

Hyperarousal, conditioned sleep difficulty, and psychiatric/medical/medication factors produce chronic insomnia.

Treatment

CBT-I; sleep hygiene; stimulus control; short-term hypnotics; treat underlying cause

Preventive Measures

Regular sleep schedule; limit caffeine/alcohol; screen time before bed; CBT-I.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.