Appendiceal carcinoid

Appendiceal carcinoid is the most common GI carcinoid, mainly in the appendiceal submucosa; 70-90% are <1 cm. Often asymptomatic, discovered during/after surgery for acute appendicitis; prognosis is better than other GI carcinoids. It favors females (M:F 1:2-4), mean age 38, peak 15-29. The appendix is the most common GI carcinoid site (~40% of all GI carcinoids, ~20% of all carcinoids), accounting for 50-70% of appendiceal malignancies.

Common Symptoms

Carcinoid syndrome; flushing; abdominal pain; slow growth; intussusception; hypotension

Causes

Etiology unknown. Possible factors: genetics (20%), neuroendocrine tumors (25%), polyps (22%), inflammatory bowel disease (15%). Genetic factors pass traits from parent to offspring. Neuroendocrine tumors are adrenal-origin and the most common neonatal cancer; 32% have skin metastases vs 3% in other ages; bronchial carcinoid most commonly metastasizes to skin; Merkel cell carcinoma recurs locally and distally. Polyps are fibrovascular-core mucosal/submucosal projections that may lead to appendiceal carcinoid. Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis) may also cause appendiceal carcinoid.

Treatment

Surgery; drug therapy; supportive care

Prevention

Prevent chronic intestinal inflammation; treat primary disease early. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are key.

Recommended Department

It is recommended to visit the oncological surgery department; before the visit you may first book an appointment and connect with experts through this platform.

Warm reminder: The above information is provided for health education reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek care at a regular hospital in time.