Wilms tumor

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most common abdominal malignancy of childhood, the most common pediatric abdominal tumor. Occurs in first 5 years, peak 2-4; ~5-10% bilateral; no sex predilection (slight male); rare adult cases. Arises from metanephric blastema.

Common Symptoms

Abdominal mass; fatigue; liver metastasis; dyspnea; irritability; low fever; nausea; cyst

Causes

Related to developmental abnormalities and chemical/biological factors; metanephric blastema fails to differentiate into tubules/glomeruli. Nephroblastomatosis complex may progress. Hereditary (15-20% unilateral, all bilateral; offspring risk 30% bilateral vs 5% unilateral). WT1 at 11p13, WT2 at 11p15. Associated anomalies: aniridia (1.1% vs 0.2%), GU anomalies, hemihypertrophy (2.9%), Beckwith-Wiedemann. Mixed stromal/blastemal/epithelial tumor; gray-yellow cut with cyst/necrosis/hemorrhage; early hematogenous metastasis to lung/liver/brain; tumor thrombus in renal vein/IVC in 10-45%. NWTS staging: I confined to kidney; II extends beyond but resectable; III residual abdominal; IV hematogenous mets; V bilateral.

Treatment

Drug therapy; rehabilitation

Prevention

No special prevention; early detection/treatment.

Recommended Department

It is recommended to visit the oncology department; before the visit you may first book an appointment and connect with experts through this platform.

Warm reminder: The above information is provided for health education reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek care at a regular hospital in time.