Synovial sarcoma

Synovial sarcoma is a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma of mesenchymal cells with synovial differentiation; rare within joints. Fourth most common soft tissue sarcoma; age 15-40. Rarely arises from joint synovium; usually from periarticular soft tissue, even distant from joints. Extremities (70% lower, especially around knee), foot/ankle, upper limb elbow; also head/neck/abdominal wall/retroperitoneum.

Common Symptoms

Ankle/knee effusion; medial knee swelling; knee effusion; hemarthrosis; knee enlargement

Causes

Genetics, trauma, chemical irritants, osteoarticular disease (extra-skeletal chondrosarcoma, TB, synovitis). Gross: small stage I lesions encapsulated; large deep lesions high-grade with inflammatory edema around. Histology: biphasic (equal epithelial/spindle) or monophasic (epithelial or spindle predominant); undifferentiated small round cell variant is high-grade.

Treatment

Surgery; drug therapy; supportive care; rehabilitation; radiotherapy

Prevention

Consider in periarticular masses; CT/radionuclide scan; biopsy. Limb-sparing vs amputation/radiation/chemo based on site. Early detection/treatment.

Recommended Department

It is recommended to visit the oncological surgery department; before the visit you may first book an appointment and connect with experts through this platform.

Warm reminder: The above information is provided for health education reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek care at a regular hospital in time.