Lymphangioma

Lymphangioma is a congenital benign tumor of dilated endothelial-proliferating lymphatics + connective tissue; contains lymph/lymphocytes/blood. Types: capillary, cavernous, cystic. Children common; adults too; slow growth; rare spontaneous regression. Small localized asymptomatic lesions: observe (some regress). Extensive but asymptomatic: observe 2 years; treat if enlarges. Simple: electrodesiccation/cryo/laser. Cystic/cavernous: radiation-resistant; surgical excision; cavernous recurs → radical surgery.

Common Symptoms

Lymph stasis; airway obstruction; glossitis; lymph-node degeneration; oral blood blister; mediastinal lymph-node hyperplasia

Causes and Pathogenesis

Jugular-subclavian junction dilation = cervical lymph sac; lymph system develops from it; ectopic lymph tissue persists. Misarrangement in primitive lymph-sac formation → lymphatic circulation disorder. Cystic lymphangioma: large thin-walled endothelium-lined multiloculated cysts, yellow watery fluid, smooth muscle; deep dermis/subcutis/muscle.

Treatment

Drug, supportive therapy

Preventive Measures

(1) Minimize infection; avoid radiation/immunosuppressants. (2) Exercise. Prevent malignant transformation: immune-surveillance loss, immunosuppressants, latent viruses, radiation/antiepileptics/corticosteroids. Personal/environmental hygiene; avoid drug abuse; PPE.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Medical Oncology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.