Obesity

Obesity is excess adipose tissue accumulation (Chinese BMI cutoff >=28; WHO >=30; class I/II/III) resulting from chronic positive energy balance. Risk factors: diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, endocrine disease, drugs. Comorbidities: type-2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Management: lifestyle (calorie-restricted diet, exercise, behavioral therapy), anti-obesity medications, and bariatric surgery for severe obesity.

Common Symptoms

Excess body fat; dyspnea on exertion; sweating; sleep apnea; joint pain; psychosocial distress; BMI>=28/30

Causes and Pathogenesis

Chronic energy surplus (diet, inactivity) interacting with genetics, endocrine disorders, medications, and socio-behavioral factors expands adipose mass.

Treatment

Calorie-restricted diet; exercise; behavioral therapy; anti-obesity drugs (liraglutide/orlistat); bariatric surgery for severe obesity; manage comorbidities

Preventive Measures

Balanced diet; regular physical activity; screen children/adults; limit sugary drinks/sedentary screen time.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Endocrinology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.