Simple Goiter

Simple (nontoxic diffuse) goiter is euthyroid diffuse thyroid enlargement without inflammation or neoplasm. Etiology: iodine deficiency, goitrogens (cassava), puberty/pregnancy relative iodine demand, hereditary enzyme defects. Early: diffuse hyperplasia; long-standing: nodular change, hemorrhage, cysts. Most patients remain euthyroid and asymptomatic; large goiters may cause compressive symptoms.

Common Symptoms

Painless diffuse neck swelling; euthyroid; tightness; dysphagia; rare compressive symptoms

Causes and Pathogenesis

Relative iodine deficiency or goitrogen exposure causes TSH elevation, diffuse thyroid hyperplasia/hypertrophy; no thyroid-hormone excess/deficiency.

Treatment

Observation; iodine supplementation; L-thyroxine suppression; surgery for compression/nodularity

Preventive Measures

Iodized salt; avoid goitrogens; monitor size.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Endocrinology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.