Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism is insufficient parathyroid-hormone (PTH) secretion causing hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Causes: post-surgical (neck/thyroid surgery), autoimmune (APS-1), genetic (DiGeorge, isolated PTH deficiency), and hypomagnesemia. Clinical: perioral/digital paresthesia, carpopedal spasm, tetany, Chvostek/Trousseau signs, seizures, prolonged QT, cataracts, basal ganglia calcification. Treatment: oral calcium and active vitamin D (calcitriol).

Common Symptoms

Perioral/digital paresthesia; carpopedal spasm; tetany; muscle cramps; seizures; Chvostek/Trousseau signs; cataracts

Causes and Pathogenesis

Low PTH reduces bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption, and impairs 1-alpha-hydroxylation of vitamin D, leading to hypocalcemia; reduced renal phosphate excretion causes hyperphosphatemia.

Treatment

Oral calcium supplements; calcitriol (active vitamin D); acute tetany: IV calcium gluconate; thiazides to reduce hypercalciuria; monitor calcium/creatinine

Preventive Measures

Careful neck surgery; screen post-thyroidectomy calcium; maintain adequate calcium/vitamin D.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Endocrinology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.