Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is excess parathyroid-hormone secretion. Types: (1) primary - autonomous overproduction by parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia/carcinoma causing hypercalcemia; (2) secondary - compensatory PTH elevation from chronic kidney disease or vitamin-D deficiency, normo/hypocalcemic; (3) tertiary - autonomous hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism after long-standing secondary disease. Clinical: bone disease, nephrolithiasis, hypercalcemic symptoms.

Common Symptoms

Bone pain; fractures; nephrolithiasis; fatigue; abdominal pain; hypercalcemia (primary); renal osteodystrophy (secondary)

Causes and Pathogenesis

Primary: autonomous parathyroid overgrowth. Secondary: hypocalcemia/hyperphosphatemia from CKD or vitamin-D deficiency drives compensatory PTH; long-standing stimulation leads to tertiary autonomy.

Treatment

Primary: parathyroidectomy; secondary: vitamin-D/phosphate control, calcimimetics, dialysis; tertiary: surgery if indicated

Preventive Measures

Vitamin-D/phosphate control in CKD; hydration; screen calcium/PTH.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Endocrinology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.