Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary embolism is obstruction of the pulmonary arterial tree by embolus (most often thrombus from deep-vein thrombosis), presenting with sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, tachycardia, and (in massive) hypotension. It is potentially fatal. Treatment: risk stratification; immediate therapeutic anticoagulation (heparin/DOAC); systemic thrombolysis or embolectomy for massive/high-risk PE; IVC filter if anticoagulation contraindicated; at least 3-6 months anticoagulation; investigate DVT source.

Common Symptoms

Sudden dyspnea; pleuritic chest pain; hemoptysis; tachycardia/hypoxia; DVT risk; by massive/submassive/low-risk

Causes and Pathogenesis

Venous thromboembolism (DVT) embolizes to the pulmonary artery, obstructing flow and raising RV afterload.

Treatment

Therapeutic anticoagulation (DOAC/heparin); thrombolysis/embolectomy for massive; IVC filter if contraindication; 3-6 months

Preventive Measures

VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized/surgical patients; early mobilization; anticoagulation.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Respiratory/Cardiology-Emergency department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.