Refractory Heart Failure

Refractory (advanced) heart failure is persistent symptoms despite optimized GDMT and revascularization/device therapy, presenting with recurrent hospitalizations, low output, and poor quality of life. Treatment: optimize GDMT and diuretics; assess candidacy for advanced therapy (LVAD/heart transplant); palliative care; inotropes as bridge; manage comorbidities; patient/family counseling on goals of care.

Common Symptoms

Persistent HF despite GDMT; recurrent hospitalizations; low output; poor quality of life

Causes and Pathogenesis

Advanced ventricular dysfunction progresses despite maximal medical therapy.

Treatment

Optimize GDMT/diuretics; LVAD/transplant candidacy; palliative care; inotropes as bridge

Preventive Measures

Early GDMT adherence; treat causes; monitor for decompensation.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Heart-failure/Transplant department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.