Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

CCHF is a tick-borne zoonotic virus disease in Europe/Asia/Africa. Features: skin/mucosal/visceral bleeding; renal damage milder than other HF. Patients are usually severe on admission; mortality up to 50%. Named after Crimea/Congo; in China first found in Bachu, Xinjiang (= Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever).

Common Symptoms

Severe pain; myalgia; melena; stupor; chills; confusion; nausea; epistaxis

Causes and Pathogenesis

(1) Etiology: Nairovirus (Bunyaviridae), spherical/ovoid 85-120 nm, enveloped. Giemsa-basophilic intracytoplasmic RBC-sized inclusions in mouse brain; EM shows ribosome-like dense particles. Buds from Golgi vesicles; MW ~108; sucrose buoyant density 1.16-1.18 g/cm³. Heat/acid/ether-sensitive (56°C/30 min); stable 50% glycerol saline; lyophilized years. (2) Pathogenesis: severe endothelial injury, capillary dilation/permeability, rash/dehydration/coagulopathy/anemia; lung/liver/kidney cell degeneration/necrosis; pulmonary edema, massive liver necrosis, cerebral edema/hemorrhage; pulmonary/renal dysfunction.

Treatment

Drug therapy, symptomatic

Preventive Measures

No vaccine. Tick control; strict patient isolation (no family visits); aerosol precautions; education of herders/farmers. Supportive: control bleeding and shock.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Infectious Diseases department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.