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迷走神经兴奋、粪便黑色并带有血液、面色苍白、致死性上呼吸道出血、指甲突然变白、呕血、黑便、腹水、恶心
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is bleeding from esophagus/stomach/duodenum (peptic ulcer/esophageal varices/Mallory-Weiss/gastritis/duodenitis/tumor/esophagitis), presenting with hematemesis/melena/hematochezia and hypovolemia. Treatment: ABCs/resuscitation (IV fluids/blood transfusion); NPO; IV PPI; octreotide/antibiotics if variceal; urgent endoscopy (within 24h; sooner for active bleed); endoscopic hemostasis (clips/injection/cautery/band ligation); interventional radiology embolization or surgery if refractory; treat cause (H. pylori eradication; stop NSAIDs; tumor resection); monitor vitals/Hgb; follow-up.
Hematemesis; melena; hematochezia; hypovolemia; by ulcer/varices/MW/tumor
Upper-GI mucosal/vascular erosion causes bleeding.
Resuscitation; PPI/octreotide; endoscopy; IR/surgery if refractory
Treat H. pylori/portal hypertension; limit NSAIDs; early tumor detection.
It is recommended to visit the Gastroenterology/Emergency/Critical-care department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.
Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.
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