Parkinson Disease

Parkinson disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Cardinal features: resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, with onset in late adulthood and resting 'pill-rolling' tremor, micrographia, and masked facies. Nonmotor features: anosmia, constipation, REM-sleep behavior disorder, depression, and cognitive decline late. Treatment: levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, deep-brain stimulation in selected cases; multidisciplinary care.

Common Symptoms

Resting tremor; rigidity; bradykinesia; postural instability; micrographia; masked facies; nonmotor features (anosmia/constipation)

Causes and Pathogenesis

Degeneration of substantia-nigra dopaminergic neurons (with Lewy bodies) causes striatal dopamine deficiency and the parkinsonian motor syndrome.

Treatment

Levodopa; dopamine agonists; MAO-B inhibitors; deep-brain stimulation in selected cases; multidisciplinary rehab

Preventive Measures

Early diagnosis; multidisciplinary care; exercise; manage motor/nonmotor symptoms.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.