Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, causing multifocal, relapsing/remitting or progressive neurologic deficits (optic neuritis, brainstem/cerebellar signs, spinal cord syndrome). Diagnosis: MRI lesions disseminated in space/time plus CSF oligoclonal bands. Treatment: high-dose steroids for acute flares; disease-modifying therapies (interferon-beta/fingolimod/monoclonal antibodies) to reduce relapses and slow progression; rehab and symptom management.

Common Symptoms

Optic neuritis; focal neurologic deficits; relapsing-remitting course; bladder symptoms; fatigue; MRI white-matter lesions

Causes and Pathogenesis

Autoimmune T-cell-mediated demyelination of CNS white matter causes multifocal relapsing neurologic deficits.

Treatment

Steroids for flares; disease-modifying therapy; neurorehab; manage symptoms (fatigue/bladder/spasticity)

Preventive Measures

Disease-modifying therapy; avoid smoking; vitamin D; rehab.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.