Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by recurrent, brief, electric-shock-like severe facial pain in one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve, triggered by light touch/washing/chewing. It may be idiopathic (vascular compression) or secondary (MS/tumor). Diagnosis is clinical, with MRI to exclude secondary causes. Treatment: carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine first-line; surgical options (microvascular decompression/rhizotomy) for medication-refractory cases.

Common Symptoms

Brief electric-shock facial pain; unilateral; trigger by touch/washing/chewing; normal neurologic exam

Causes and Pathogenesis

Vascular loop compression (or secondary lesion) causes trigeminal-nerve ephaptic discharge, producing paroxysmal pain.

Treatment

Carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine; microvascular decompression/rhizotomy if refractory; treat secondary cause

Preventive Measures

Medication adherence; avoid triggers; surgical evaluation if refractory.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.