Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common chronic complication of long-standing diabetes. The classic form is distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy (stocking-glove distribution): numbness, tingling, burning pain, impaired vibration/proprioception, foot-ulcer risk. Other forms: autonomic neuropathy (orthostatic hypotension, gastroparesis, neurogenic bladder, erectile dysfunction), mononeuropathy/cranial palsy, radiculopathy, and amyotrophy. Long-standing poorly controlled diabetes is the main risk.

Common Symptoms

Distal numbness/tingling/burning pain; stocking-glove sensory loss; foot ulcer; impaired vibration; autonomic symptoms (orthostatic hypotension, gastroparesis, neurogenic bladder, impotence)

Causes and Pathogenesis

Chronic hyperglycemia causes polyol-pathway activation, advanced-glycation-end-product accumulation, microvascular ischemia and oxidative stress, damaging peripheral/small nerve fibers and Schwann cells.

Treatment

Intensive glycemic control; neuropathic pain agents (pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine); foot care; treat autonomic symptoms; B vitamins adjunct

Preventive Measures

Tight glycemic control; annual foot exam; daily foot inspection; proper footwear; smoking cessation.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.