Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a rare, severe chronic renal inflammation causing diffuse parenchymal destruction.

Common Symptoms

Irregular fever; urinary infection; granuloma; renal involvement; fatigue; constipation; weight loss; anorexia

Causes

Long chronic inflammation destroys kidney tissue; lipids released and phagocytosed by histiocytes form xanthoma cells, with obstruction plus infection. Abnormal lipid metabolism and immune dysfunction, especially in focal XGPN due to low host immunity, let mild lesions not heal; Proteus and E. coli are commonest, penicillin-resistant S. aureus also. Pathology has two types: ① focal: intrarenal xanthoma-like mass; ② diffuse: enlarged pus kidney with severe destruction and yellow masses extending to perinephric tissue. Malek staging: I intrarenal, II extending to perinephric fat, III diffuse with retroperitoneal involvement. Microscopically: orange-yellow lesions of foamy macrophages, small granular macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and fibroblasts; PAS-positive foam cells.

Treatment

Medication, rehabilitation therapy

Prevention

1. Drink water and urinate often. 2. Keep the perineum clean. 3. Avoid urinary instruments; use strict asepsis.

Recommended Department

It is recommended to visit the nephrology department; before the visit you may first book an appointment and connect with experts through this platform.

Warm reminder: The above information is provided for health education reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek care at a regular hospital in time.