Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia is malignant transformation of one or more hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, losing normal proliferation/differentiation/maturation capacity; uncontrolled proliferation gradually replaces marrow and infiltrates systemic tissues/organs via blood. It is a malignant hematopoietic tumor (blood cancer). Characterized by neoplastic leukemic-cell proliferation in marrow invading every organ → organ dysfunction/clinical manifestations. Marrow exam is the main diagnostic basis. Clinically divided into ALL and ANLL. Male slightly more than female.

Common Symptoms

Unexplained fever; maculopapular rash; bleeding tendency; exfoliative dermatitis; inflammation; gingival swelling; convulsions; gingivitis; nausea

Causes and Pathogenesis

Viral etiology studied for decades; only adult T-cell leukemia is proven viral (non-transmissible). Ionizing radiation (dose/site-dependent). Benzene (acute myeloblastic/erythroleukemia). Genetic factors. Clinical division: AML and ALL.

Treatment

Drug, supportive therapy

Preventive Measures

Prevention: (1) Radiation/benzene workers: PPE, regular exams, treat abnormal blood counts. (2) Regular lifestyle; balance work/rest. (3) Optimism. Nursing: (1) Emotional support. (2) Rest; minimize visitors during unstable period. (3) Oral/perianal hygiene (salt water/H2O2/furacillin/huangqin-jinhua mouthwash; paojiangcaodandelion wash). (4) Nutrition: high-vitamin/protein (fresh veg/fish/eggs/meat/turtle); avoid spicy. (5) Hydration/fruit; no tobacco/alcohol. (6) Fresh air; clean floor; masks. Prognosis: rapid course without treatment; infection/bleeding are main death causes. Modern therapy: pediatric ALL CR >95%, 3y DFS >50%, curable in many; adult ALL/AML CR >60%, long-term DFS ~30%.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Hematology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.