Arteriovenous Hemangioma (AVM)

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a high-flow vascular malformation; abnormal embryonic vasculogenesis → direct arteriovenous anastomosis (immature arteries/veins, no capillaries). 1.5% of vascular malformations; head/neck 50%; limbs/trunk next. Congenital; only 60% detected at birth; rest appear at puberty/adulthood. Proportional growth with body; may rapidly enlarge after trauma/puberty/pregnancy/inadequate treatment. Schobinger staging (ISSVA 1990): I (quiescent): asymptomatic, birth-puberty; port-wine stain/warm skin. II (expansion): puberty; enlarging mass, deeper invasion; pulse/thrill/bruit. III (destructive): spontaneous necrosis/chronic ulceration/pain/bleeding. IV (decompensated): high-output cardiac failure.

Common Symptoms

Arteriovenous shunt; papule; vascular-wall changes

Causes and Pathogenesis

Upper/mid dermis, localized, no capsule; thick-/thin-walled vessels with single-layer endothelium; fibrous walls + smooth muscle; RBCs in lumens; occasional thrombosis; true arterial components; inflammatory infiltrate.

Treatment

Anhydrous-ethanol intervention, surgery

Preventive Measures

No effective prevention; early diagnosis/treatment.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the General Surgery department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.