Torsion Dystonia

Torsion dystonia (primary torsion dystonia) is a movement disorder characterized by sustained, involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting, repetitive movements and abnormal postures. It may be focal (cervical/blepharospasm/writer's cramp) or generalized. Causes: idiopathic/familial (DYT1) or secondary. Treatment: botulinum toxin injections for focal dystonia, oral anticholinergics/baclofen, and deep-brain stimulation for generalized/medication-refractory cases; plus physical therapy.

Common Symptoms

Sustained twisting movements; abnormal postures; focal or generalized; task-specific; may worsen with stress

Causes and Pathogenesis

Idiopathic/familial basal-ganglia motor-program dysfunction causes sustained co-contraction and twisting dystonic postures.

Treatment

Botulinum toxin; oral anticholinergics/baclofen; deep-brain stimulation in refractory generalized cases; physical therapy

Preventive Measures

Physical therapy; stress management; DBS evaluation for refractory cases.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Neurology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.