Mitral Stenosis

Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve orifice (almost always rheumatic, years after rheumatic fever), causing left-atrial hypertension, pulmonary congestion, atrial fibrillation, and systemic emboli. Clinical: dyspnea on exertion, atrial fibrillation, loud S1, opening snap, diastolic murmur. Treatment: diuretics/salt restriction; rate control and anticoagulation for AF; percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy or surgical valve replacement/commissurotomy for significant symptomatic stenosis.

Common Symptoms

Dyspnea on exertion; atrial fibrillation; LA enlargement; opening snap/diastolic murmur; history of rheumatic fever

Causes and Pathogenesis

Rheumatic leaflet thickening/fusion/stenosis raises left-atrial pressure and pulmonary congestion.

Treatment

Diuretics; rate control/anticoagulation for AF; balloon valvotomy/valve surgery for symptomatic stenosis

Preventive Measures

Treat rheumatic fever; secondary penicillin prophylaxis; anticoagulate AF.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Cardiology/Cardiac-surgery department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.