Hydatidiform mole

Hydatidiform mole is a placental villous swelling from loss of villous capillaries, forming grape-like vesicles. Complete vs partial; most are complete. 40% of spontaneous abortions show some hydropic change but not diagnostic. Common in rice-eating countries; related to low folate/carotene/vitamin A, low Zn/Se.

Common Symptoms

Excessive vaginal bleeding; pregnancy-associated hyperthyroidism; lower abdominal pain; amenorrhea

Causes

Nutritional: low serum folate in GTT patients; folate deficiency impairs thymidine synthesis; low carotene/vitamin A raises risk. Ovarian dysfunction (age <20 or >40). Viral theory unproven. Egg abnormality. Racial differences (Black half rate; Eurasian 2x Chinese/Indian/Malay). Oncogene/tumor suppressor gene activation/inactivation.

Treatment

Surgery; drug therapy; supportive care

Prevention

Regular follow-up; effective contraception for 2 years; monthly first half year. Persistent positive pregnancy test >40 days suggests malignancy. Immediate visit for irregular bleeding/hemoptysis/headache.

Recommended Department

It is recommended to visit the gynecology department; before the visit you may first book an appointment and connect with experts through this platform.

Warm reminder: The above information is provided for health education reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek care at a regular hospital in time.