Invasive Hydatidiform Mole

Invasive hydatidiform mole = molar tissue invading the myometrium or metastasizing beyond the uterus; it is a malignant trophoblastic tumor. All invasive moles arise from benign hydatidiform mole, mostly occurring within 6 months after mole evacuation. Patients may present with irregular vaginal bleeding and may also have extrauterine metastatic foci. Treatment principle is chemotherapy-based, surgery as adjunct. Single-agent or combination chemotherapy may be used. Chemotherapy should continue until symptoms/signs disappear; HCG measured weekly, for 3 consecutive times within normal range, then 2-3 consolidation courses. If lesion is in the uterus and chemotherapy fails, hysterectomy can be performed (subtotal radical hysterectomy with high ligation of ovarian vessels).

Common Symptoms

Irregular vaginal bleeding

Causes and Pathogenesis

Chorionic villi of invasive mole may locally spread into the myometrium or blood vessels; vesicular tissue invades deep myometrium, sometimes completely penetrating the uterine wall and extending into the broad ligament or peritoneal cavity.

Treatment

Surgery, drug therapy, interventional therapy

Preventive Measures

Invasive mole should be followed up for at least 2 years, with strict contraception for 1-2 years, preferably condoms; IUDs and oral contraceptives are not suitable. After clinical cure, close follow-up is required; no recurrence for 5 years is considered cured.

Department to Visit

It is recommended to visit the Gynecology department; an appointment can be booked on this platform before the visit.

Warm reminder: The above information is for health science reference only and cannot replace professional medical diagnosis. If you have related symptoms, please seek medical attention at a regular hospital promptly.