医
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Wernicke encephalopathy is thiamine deficiency: classic triad ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion; common in alcoholism/malnutrition; treat immediately with IV thiamine before glucose; delayed treatment -> Korsakoff psychosis.
神经内科Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is chronic distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy from long-standing diabetes: numbness, burning pain, stocking-glove sensory loss, foot ulcer risk; also autonomic and mononeuropathic variants.
神经内科POEMS syndrome (Crow-Fukase) is a paraneoplastic syndrome from plasma-cell dyscrasia: Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M-protein, Skin changes; associated with osteosclerotic myeloma/castleman disease.
神经内科Fungal meningitis is meningeal inflammation, often concurrent with parenchymal infection; deep mycosis. Rising due to antibiotics/steroids/immunosuppressants/transplants/AIDS/pet-keeping. Pathogens: Cryptococcus neoformans/Coccidioides/Blastomyces/Paracoc
神经内科Viral encephalitis/meningitis are acute intracranial inflammations from various viruses; meninges-predominant = meningitis; parenchymal = encephalitis. Mostly self-limited. Previously called "aseptic meningitis" (typical meningeal signs but negative bacte
神经内科LCM is an acute Arenavirus infection; clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic to flu-like (acute fever/headache/myalgia) to typical lymphocytic meningitis, rarely meningoencephalitis. Usually self-limited with good prognosis.
神经内科California encephalitis is a mosquito-borne CNS disease caused by the antigenically related California serogroup (Bunyaviridae).
神经内科CJD is the commonest transmissible CNS degeneration—human spongiform encephalopathy. nvCJD may be a zoonosis ("mad cow disease"), but NOT casually contagious. Sporadic CJD can be iatrogenically transmitted via biopsies/cornea/dura grafts. Predominantly af
神经内科Neurosyphilis is nervous-system infection by T. pallidum, divided into congenital and acquired forms. Transmission is mainly by unclean sex, also mucosal contact or infected blood. Clinical types: (1) asymptomatic; (2) meningeal; (3) vascular; (4) tabes d
神经内科General paresis (syphilitic meningoencephalitis) is a chronic meningoencephalitis from T. pallidum invading brain parenchyma—the most severe form of neurosyphilis. First described by Haslam (1798). It presents with progressive mental deterioration to deme
神经内科Meningococcal meningitis is purulent meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). The pathogen enters via the nasopharynx, bloodstream, and finally the meninges. Features are abrupt fever, headache, vomiting, petechiae/purpura, nuchal rigidity, and p
神经内科Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB and the leading cause of death in pediatric TB, usually occurring within 1 year of primary infection, especially at 3-6 months. Widespread BCG vaccination and TB control have reduced inci
神经内科Diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, headache and dizziness, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, peripheral neuropathy and complex neurological disorders, with emphasis on neurological function assessment and rehabilitation.
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