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Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RBILD) recognized 1980s; smokers/former smokers; similar to DIP but less severe; smoking-related small airway/parenchymal injury.
呼吸内科Foreign body in respiratory tract is laryngeal/tracheal/bronchial; ENT emergency; large laryngeal/tracheal bodies cause asphyxia/death. <5 years, 1-3 most common.
呼吸内科Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) is a non-asthmatic allergic lung disease with diffuse interstitial inflammation from inhaled organic dust (<10um) containing fungal spores/bacterial products/animal proteins/insect antigens.
呼吸内科Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM nephritis, pulmonary-renal syndrome) may be viral/chemical-induced; anti-GBM antibodies damage glomerular/alveolar basement membrane. Triad: pulmonary hemorrhage, rapidly progressive GN, anti-GBM Ab+.
呼吸内科Common cold (coryza) is a common viral respiratory illness; 30-50% from rhinovirus. Any season. Influenza from influenza virus is highly contagious, prone to mutation; 20-40% attack rate.
呼吸内科Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a contagious atypical pneumonia from SARS-CoV. Systemic symptoms (fever/fatigue/headache/myalgia) plus respiratory (dry cough/chest tightness/dyspnea); some diarrhea. Chest X-ray infiltrates; normal/low WBC; ant
呼吸内科Bulla lung is airspace from ruptured fused alveoli due to elevated intra-alveolar pressure; mm to cm. VATS surgery; 2/3 improve.
呼吸内科Lung abscess is suppurative lung disease progressing to necrosis; middle-aged, M>F. Three types: transbronchial, hematogenous, obstructive. Staphylococcal/anaerobic/aspergillar. Decreased since antibiotics.
呼吸内科Klebsiella pneumonia is acute pulmonary inflammation from K. pneumoniae; elderly/malnourished/chronic alcoholics/preexisting chronic lung disease/debilitated. Acute high fever/cough/much sputum/chest pain; cyanosis/tachypnea/palpitations; early shock.
呼吸内科Pneumococcal pneumonia from Streptococcus pneumoniae; >half of community-acquired pneumonia. Acute onset with chills/high fever/chest pain/cough/bloody sputum. Starts in bronchioles, spreads to alveoli causing lobar pneumonia.
呼吸内科Pulmonary aspergillosis mainly from A. fumigatus; also A. flavus/terreus/niger. Rising incidence with broad-spectrum antibiotics/steroids/oncologic therapy. Three types: aspergilloma, ABPA, IPA.
呼吸内科Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare idiopathic disease with insoluble phospholipid-rich protein in alveoli/bronchioles. Young/middle-aged; M:F = 3:1. First described by Rosen 1958. Primary/secondary/congenital.
呼吸内科Pulmonary hemorrhage-renal syndrome (anti-GBM nephritis, Goodpasture disease) may be viral/chemical-induced; anti-basement membrane antibodies damage glomerular and alveolar GBM. Triad: pulmonary hemorrhage, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, serum a
呼吸内科Pulmonary pleural amebiasis is purulent lung/pleural inflammation from Entamoeba histolytica. Hepatic origin: right lower lung; hematogenous: bilateral. Second most common extraintestinal amebiasis after liver.
呼吸内科Simple pulmonary eosinophilia (Löffler syndrome, 1932) features migratory pulmonary infiltrates with peripheral eosinophilia; mild symptoms (slight cough); self-limited in 3-4 weeks.
呼吸内科Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, shock lung/trauma lung) is secondary acute respiratory failure with dyspnea and hypoxemia. Causes: shock, severe infection, head trauma, trauma, fat embolism, transfusion overload, DIC, irritant gases, oxygen tox
呼吸内科Asthmatic bronchitis is a group of acute infantile bronchiitis with wheezing; allergic, often with respiratory infection. Eczema/allergy history; obese children; recurrent. Pathophys: bronchospasm, microvascular leak, mucosal edema, inflammatory infiltrat
呼吸内科Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP, Rosen-Castleman-Liebow syndrome) is a rare disease with alveoli/bronchioles filled with PAS-positive phospholipid-rich protein. Young/middle-aged; M:F = 3:1.
呼吸内科Wrong endotracheal tube placement during anesthesia. Airway rescue is used.
Other respiratory agent adverse effect. Symptom management is used.
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