Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, the central pathology of which is the gradual decline of insulin resistance and insulin β cell secretion. Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes can still produce insulin in the body, but the body's utilization efficiency for insulin decreases, and insulin 'resistance' makes it unable to function effectively, resulting in elevated blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the majority of all diabetes in the middle-aged population, but in recent years there has been a marked increase in the age of onset, and in adolescents and even adolescents.
Type 2 diabetes is closely related to genetic and environmental factors. Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is the largest independent risk factor, and fat accumulation increases insulin resistance; sedentary activity, high-sugar diets, high-fat diets, and high-stress lifestyles also contribute to the onset of the disease. Additionally, risk factors such as age growth, gestational diabetes history, polycystic ovary syndrome are wary.
Type 2 diabetes is often hidden, with no early symptoms, and can only be detected when blood glucose levels rise. As the disease progresses, typical people experience 'more than three times' more drinking, more eating, more urinating, and weight loss. In addition, patients often experience fatigue, skin wrinkles, slow wound healing, blurred vision, numbness in the hands and feet, or acne.
Long-term poor blood glucose control, hyperglycemia can damage the entire body's blood vessels and nerves, causing various complications: retinopathy can lead to blindness, ulcerative ulcers can progress to urotoxicity, neurological disorders around the body can lead to sensory abnormalities, and lower-cardiovascular disease can increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes is diagnosed based on the following blood glucose determinations. Oral glucose tolerance tests for two hours of blood sugar reaching or exceeding 11.
1 mmol/L; random blood sugar reaching or exceeding 11. 1 mmol/L and accompanied by typical symptoms; glycemic hemoglobin reaching or exceeding 6. 5%.
Following diagnosis, the physician assesses insulin function, lipid, hepatic function, and examines for complications in the eye, urinary microproteins, etc. Treatment of type 2 diabetes is an integrated management in parallel with 'five-vehicle'. Dietary therapy is key to controlling total calories, balanced nutrition, fine matching, and timed quantities; Exercise therapy improves insulin sensitivity and recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week; medication therapy offers a wide variety of oral glucose-reducing medications, including diethyl diethylamide, calcium chloride, insulin hypersensitizers, DP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and, as the disease progresses, some patients require combined medication or even insulin therapy; blood sugar monitoring and diabetes health education are ongoing.
Diabetes is significantly preventable. After diagnosis, prescribed treatment, regular monitoring, blood sugar, blood fat, blood pressure, weight control standards, most patients can maintain a good quality of life and life expectancy for a long time. Regular check-ups of glycemic proteins, hepatic function, bottom of the eyes, etc.
should be done on a daily basis, if there are symptoms of low blood sugar (heart attack, coughing, sweating) should be treated in a timely manner, if there is a breakdown in the legs, loss of vision, etc. should be treated as soon as possible.
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