Systemic scarlet fever is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease of many body systems and organs. Patients have a disorder of the immune system, which produces multiple autoantibodies (such as anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-twin-chain DNA antibodies), which form immune complexes that accumulate in tissue organs, causing inflammation and tissue damage. The disease affects many systems including the skin, joints, kidneys, blood system, nervous system, and lungs, with clinical complexity that can be repeatedly alleviated and exacerbated.
Systemic scarlet fever is more common in women of childbearing age, with a prevalence ratio of approximately 9:1 in women than men, and is known as a 'preferential disease'. The exact cause of systemic lupus erythematosus is unknown, and is thought to be the result of a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and endocrine and immune disorders. Genetically, there is significant family conglomeration associated with multiple susceptibility genes; environmental inducements include ultraviolet light (sun exposure can induce or aggravate rash and symptoms throughout the body), infections, certain medications, and psychological stress; endocrine factors such as estrogen are associated with female hypertrophy, pregnancy inducement or exacerbation of the disease.
Clinical manifestations of systemic red spot lupus are varied, with common manifestations including: skin membrane symptoms, most typically facial butterfly red spots (symbolic red spots of the nose and two hips), disc-like red spots, photosensitivity of the mouth or nostrils, hair loss, reno phenomena (finger cold turning white to purple); joint muscle symptoms, characterized by multiple joint pains, asymbolic non-erotenoid arthritis; kidney congestion, with protein urine, urine, hemorrhoids, which can progress to lupus, or even kidney dysfunction; blood system congestion, with anemia, decreased white cells, and decreased platelets; There may also be atrial fibrillation (arthritis of the thorax, heart palsy), pulmonary pathologies, nervous system strain (headache, nausea, psychiatric symptoms), anti-lipid antibody syndrome (blood clots, abortion), etc. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, weight loss. Diagnosis must meet the criteria of the American Rheumatic Association or the International Union (ICU) (combined score of clinical and immunological standards).
Treatment of systemic scarlet fever emphasizes individualization, interlayered treatment and long-term management. Basic therapies include: strict sun protection; avoidance of ultraviolet rays; avoidance of inducing medications; prevention of infection. Immunosuppressants (ringamide, nitric acid, sulfate, thyroxine) are used for lupus and moderate-intensity activities; biological agents (Belium monocytosis, thalassemia) are increasingly widely used in recent years to suppress B cells, reducing hormone intake, improving long-term prognosis.
Lupus needs to be elected to strengthen immunosuppression based on pathology. Pregnancy lupus needs to be administered under the joint management of rheumatoid immunology and obstetrics, and some medications can be used safely during pregnancy. Although systemic lupus is a chronic disease, modern treatments have significantly improved prognosis, allowing long-term stability, normal life and work for most patients.
Patients should adhere to the regulation of treatment, regular follow-up, strict sun protection, avoid self-stopping medication, pay attention to preventing infection. Regular monitoring of urinary routine, urinary function, blood routine, antibody droplets, and timely detection of recurrence. Good doctor cooperation and self-management are key to controlling the disease.
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