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Solitary breast cyst (N60.000x002) is a disease included in the National Health Commission's 'Disease Classification and Codes, National Clinical Version 2.0' standard; a detailed pathological introduction is being compiled.
Solitary breast cyst (N60.000) is a disease included in the National Health Commission's 'Disease Classification and Codes, National Clinical Version 2.0' standard; a detailed pathological introduction is being compiled.
Urethral mucosal prolapse, or urethral mucosal eversion, is a female urethral disease in which the urethral mucosa and submucosa prolapse and evert outside the meatus. It occurs mostly in children, then postmenopausal women.
妇科Postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP) is a common aging-related disease mainly affecting postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency causes reduced bone mass and changes in bone microarchitecture, increasing bone fragility and fracture risk, as well as fracture
妇科Premature ovarian failure (primary ovarian insufficiency) is cessation of ovarian function before age 40: amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, elevated FSH; causes: autoimmune, genetic (Turner/Fragile-X), iatrogenic; hormone replacement.
妇科PCOS is common reproductive-endocrine disorder: oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian morphology, insulin resistance; hirsutism, acne, infertility, obesity; treat by lifestyle, OCP, metformin, ovulation induction.
妇科Hyperprolactinemia is elevated serum prolactin; causes: prolactinoma, medications (antipsychotics, metoclopramide), hypothyroidism, stress, pregnancy; presents galactorrhea, amenorrhea/erectile dysfunction, infertility.
妇科Anatomically, the pelvis consists of the part enclosed by pelvic peritoneum plus the extra-peritoneal part. Primary pelvic tumors have insidious onset; patients often delay due to atypical symptoms. Diagnosis may be delayed 4-6 months or even 4-5 years, a
妇科Vaginal tumors are benign or malignant. Benign: fibroma, leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neuroma, myxoma, papilloma — named by histologic origin; usually asymptomatic. Malignant tumors arise in vaginal wall tissue; primary or secondary; secondary mostly fr
妇科When vesicular molar tissue extends beyond the uterine cavity, invades deep myometrium or metastasizes elsewhere, it is called malignant hydatidiform mole. Malignant change rate is 5%-20%; most occur within 6 months after mole evacuation, but some before
妇科Invasive hydatidiform mole = molar tissue invading the myometrium or metastasizing beyond the uterus; it is a malignant trophoblastic tumor. All invasive moles arise from benign hydatidiform mole, mostly within 6 months after mole evacuation. Patients may
妇科Ovarian borderline tumors have low malignant potential. WHO defines them as tumors whose growth pattern and cytology are intermediate between clearly benign and clearly malignant counterparts, without destructive stromal invasion, and with a far better pr
妇科From vaginal-wall elastic connective tissue; rare; solitary, firm, pedunculated, mobile base, ill-defined capsule. Small asymptomatic; large = vaginal heaviness/dyspareunia. Types: fibroid/leiomyoma/hemangioma/lipoma/neurofibroma/myxoma/papilloma.
妇科Hamartoma (not true tumor); abnormal vascular structures; congenital capillary/cavernous. Present at birth; some regress; labium majus; slow. Asymptomatic; large = swelling/pain/dyspareunia/cosmetic issue.
妇科Vulvar lipoma: benign tumor of mature adipocytes, usually on labium majus, subcutaneous bulge, mostly sessile, soft, sometimes lobulated.
妇科Malignant tumor of uterine vaginal portion/cervical canal. Cervical cancer spreads directly to vaginal fornix/wall, uterine corpus, pelvic tissues, bladder, rectum; lymphatically to paracervical/iliac/inguinal nodes; late supraclavicular/systemic nodes. H
妇科Kaposi sarcoma (formerly multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma) usually on extremities; vulvar involvement rare. Nonspecific mass, initially blue-red macules/nodules, slowly enlarging/multiplying/fusing; vulvar itching/burning/pain. Types: classic indolent, Africa
妇科Trichomonal vaginitis is common, caused by T. vaginalis. Pear-shaped, pointed posterior, 2-3× neutrophil size, four anterior flagella, undulating membrane, protruding axostyle. Transparent, teardrop-shaped. Life cycle simple (trophozoite only); survives 2
妇科Vaginal trichomoniasis is the most common STD caused by the flagellate protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, mainly infecting the female vagina and also the male urethra by sex. Adult female infection rate can reach 95%.
妇科Tuberculous salpingitis is salpingitis caused by tubercle bacilli, often granulomatous, showing chronic inflammatory changes such as ulcers, caseous type, miliary nodules, isthmic nodosum, or simple hypertrophy. It is confirmed by finding tubercle bacilli
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