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Chiggers (red bugs/harvest mites); life cycle: egg/larva/nymph/adult. Larvae on rodents, nymphs/adults free-living. Salivary enzymes dissolve subcutaneous tissue; pruritic papules/erythema → eschar → ulcer.
皮肤科Demodicosis (follicle mite disease) = Demodex in sebaceous glands/hair follicles; host-specific; alopecia/dermatitis/sebaceous folliculitis.
皮肤科Cutaneous myiasis: fly larvae (maggots) in skin; pastoral regions (Qinghai/Tibet/Inner Mongolia/NE/N China). Fly eggs on skin/hair/clothing; larvae burrow. Furuncular/creeping types.
皮肤科Scabies: Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis in epidermis; chronic contagious dermatosis. Close contact; indirect via fomites; household/institutional outbreaks. Intense pruritus worse at night; winter; chronic.
皮肤科Pubic lice: sexually transmitted; couples; women more common; US/Western Europe recent.
皮肤科Pediculosis: lice bite skin → pruritic dermatosis. First bite asymptomatic; repeated = sensitization. Treatment: kill lice/nits; shave hair; 50% Stemona tincture, 20% benzyl benzoate emulsion.
皮肤科Cutaneous leishmaniasis (dermal kala-azar) is chronic mucocutaneous lesion by L. donovani. Three human Leishmania: L. donovani (visceral + dermal); L. tropica (oriental sore, skin only); L. braziliensis (mucocutaneous). Inapparent skin leishmaniasis = ama
皮肤科Lobomycosis (keloidal blastomycosis) is chronic cutaneous granuloma by Loboa loboi.
皮肤科Mycetoma (Madura foot/maduromycosis/maduromycetoma) is chronic destructive infection of skin/subcutaneous tissue/bone with swelling/fistulae/colored granules. Tropical humid rainy regions; India/Sudan/Mexico; men > women, middle-aged, barefoot workers.
皮肤科Chromoblastomycosis is chronic granulomatous inflammation by dematiaceous fungi, mainly skin/subcutaneous tissue; slow painless verrucous nodules → papillomatous growths, some ulcerate. Farmers; also carpenters/masons; rare children.
皮肤科Sporotrichosis is chronic infection of skin/subcutaneous tissue/nearby lymphatics by saprophytic Sporothrix schenckii; occasional systemic spread. Found on roses/barberry/sphagnum; gardeners/farmers/woodworkers most at risk.
皮肤科Candidiasis is fungal disease of skin/mucosa/viscera by Candida (mainly C. albicans). GI/pulmonary most common; also urethritis/pyelonephritis/endocarditis/meningitis/sepsis. Secondary to chronic wasting disease + long-term broad-spectrum antibiotics/ster
皮肤科Tinea nigra (palmar/keratomycosis nigricans palmaris) is a contagious superficial palmoplantar mycosis: non-scaly black patches; histology shows brown septate hyphae in stratum corneum. Topical antifungals.
皮肤科Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) is chronic superficial stratum corneum infection by lipophilic Pityrosporum; asymptomatic or mild itch. Chronic infection/malnutrition predispose. Yellow-brown/dark brown patches with fine branny scale.
皮肤科Dermatophytosis is superficial fungal infection of hair/skin/nails; rare deep infections. Common: tinea capitis/corporis/cruris/manus/pedis/dermatophytid. Dermatophytids = blood-borne allergic reactions outside the primary focus. Most common infectious de
皮肤科Tinea cruris is fungal infection of inner thigh/perineum/buttocks. Spread by underwear/towels/sex; 80%+ non-sexual. Pathogens: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum, rare C. albicans.
皮肤科Tinea imbricata (elevated ringworm) has characteristic concentric/tiled rings; caused by Trichophyton concentricum. Warm humid regions; young men. Brown scaly papules expanding into polycyclic scaly plaques; intense pruritus; chronic; long hyphae on micro
皮肤科Tinea corporis is dermatophyte infection of glabrous skin (excluding hands/feet/perineum/groin). TCM: ringworm/money-worm. Wind-damp evil contacting unclean objects.
皮肤科Tinea pedis is dermatophyte infection of plantar/interdigital skin; may extend to heel/dorsum (dorsum alone = tinea corporis). TCM: smelly-snail boil. Damp-heat.
皮肤科Tinea manuum is palm fungal infection ("goose-foot palm"); spread from tinea pedis by scratching. Hands dry/well-ventilated so lower incidence than foot. Increasing with tinea pedis.
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